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Tissue AGE and associated pathology have been decreased by vitamin B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> in trials involving diabetic animal models. To understand the molecular cytoprotective mechanisms involved, the effects of B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> vitamers against cytotoxicity induced by AGE\/advanced lipid end product (ALE) carbonyl precursors (glyoxal\/acrolein) have been compared to cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress (hydroperoxide) or mitochondrial toxins (cyanide\/copper). Thiamin was found to be best at preventing cell death induced by carbonyl stress and mitochondrial toxins but not oxidative stress cell death suggesting that thiamin pyrophosphate restored pyruvate and \u03b1\u2010ketoglutarate dehydrogenases inhibited by mitochondrial toxicity. However, B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> vitamers were most effective at preventing oxidative stress or lipid peroxidation cytotoxicity suggesting that pyridoxal or pyridoxal phosphate were antioxidants and\/or Fe\/Cu chelators. A therapeutic vitamin cocktail could provide maximal prevention against carbonyl stress toxicity associated with diabetic complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200600190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,4]],"date-time":"2007-10-04T14:18:00Z","timestamp":1191507480000},"page":"379-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Preventing cell death induced by carbonyl stress, oxidative stress or mitochondrial toxins with vitamin B anti\u2010AGE agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Rhea","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nandita","family":"Shangari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440591002183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450054021873"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.8.2110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP43071"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.9.2826"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1333.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1333.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.33.20408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109935200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9861(02)00067-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304292200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02682257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2003.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(57)90379-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108196200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(05)03541-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52006-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(82)90230-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52007-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"577","volume":"3","author":"Joly J. 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