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However, the effects of complex food items containing lignans or isoflavones on estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation have not been assessed so far. In this study, the modulation of ER\u2010mediated signaling by dietary sources of lignans (cereals and flaxseed) and isoflavones (soy) was studied<jats:italic> in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Adult ovariectomized 3\u00d7ERE\u2010luciferase (luc) reporter mice received isocaloric diets supplemented with flaxseed, rye, wheat, or soy for 40 h or two weeks, and an additional group of mice was challenged with 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) following the two\u2010week dietary intervention. In non\u2010E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010treated mice, soy diet induced luc expression in liver, mammary gland, and pituitary gland while the other diets had no effects. Interestingly, all diets modulated the E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced luc expression. In particular rye diet efficiently reduced E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced luc expression as well as uterine growth, the hallmark of estrogen action <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. It is concluded that dietary sources of lignans and isoflavones can modulate estrogen signaling<jats:italic> in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The results suggest intriguing possibilities for the modulation of the risk of estrogen\u2010dependent diseases by dietary means.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]],"date-time":"2009-07-14T11:43:49Z","timestamp":1247571829000},"page":"996-1006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Dietary sources of lignans and isoflavones modulate responses to estradiol in estrogen reporter mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Pauliina E.","family":"Penttinen\u2010Damdimopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krista A.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teija T.","family":"Hurmerinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarja","family":"Nurmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul T.","family":"van der Saag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sari I.","family":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051371"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327914nc5402_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0629134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002794"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.5.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010038a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360701612942"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200600240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-07-0252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/17.6.1373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1651"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"869","article-title":"Enterolactone inhibits the growth of 7,12\u2010dimethylbenz(a)anthracene\u2010induced mammary carcinomas in the rat","volume":"1","author":"Saarinen N. 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