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This study examined the hypothesis that a cysteinate complex of chromium is significantly beneficial than either of them in lowering blood glucose and vascular inflammation markers in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Starting at the age of 6\u2009wk, ZDF rats were supplemented orally (daily gavages for 8 more weeks) with saline\u2010placebo (D) or chromium (400\u2009\u03bcg Cr\/Kg body weight) as chromium dinicocysteinate (CDNC), chromium dinicotinate (CDN) or chromium picolinate (CP) or equimolar <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010cysteine (LC, img\/Kg body weight), and fed Purina 5008 diet for 8\u2009wk. ZDF rats of 6\u2009wk age before any supplementations and onset of diabetes were considered as baseline. D rats showed elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, CRP, MCP\u20101, ICAM\u20101 and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and lower adiponectin and vitamin C, when compared with baseline rats. In comparison to D group, CDNC group had significantly lower blood glucose, HbA<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, CRP, MCP\u20101, ICAM\u20101 and lipid peroxidation and increased vitamin C and adiponectin levels. CDN, CP or LC showed significantly less or no effect on these biomarkers. Only CDNC lowered blood creatinine levels in comparison to D. While CDN and CP had no effect, activation of NF\u03baB, Akt and glucose transporter\u20102 levels were decreased, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS\u20101) activation increased in livers of CDNC\u2010rats. CDNC effect on glycemia, NF\u03baB, Akt and IRS\u20101 in liver was significantly greater compared with LC. Blood chromium levels did not differ between Cr\u2010groups. Exogenous vitamin C supplementation significantly inhibited MCP\u20101 secretion in U937 monocytes cultured in high\u2010glucose\u2010medium. CDNC is a potent hypoglycemic compound with anti\u2010inflammatory activity apparently mediated by elevated blood vitamin C and adiponectin and inhibition of NF\u03baB, Akt, and Glut\u20102 and increased IRS\u20101 activation in livers of type 2 diabetic rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,20]],"date-time":"2010-03-20T23:40:41Z","timestamp":1269128441000},"page":"1371-1380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation can lower blood glucose, CRP, MCP\u20101, ICAM\u20101, creatinine, apparently mediated by elevated blood vitamin C and adiponectin and inhibition of NF\u03baB, Akt, and Glut\u20102 in livers of zucker diabetic fatty rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sushil K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Croad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirunavukkarasu","family":"Velusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin L.","family":"Rains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000165064.31505.3B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132446"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.12.3245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2007.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520290405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985847"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00595.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.6026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.9.2211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1577"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.11.1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.4.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-543X.2005.00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9638-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","unstructured":"Elements by ICP Spectrometry. 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