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It has been found that acrolein is produced mainly within cells from polyamines by polyamine oxidases (PAOs), especially from spermine by spermine oxidase during cell damage, and that acrolein is more toxic than reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell culture system. Thus, the possibility that acrolein and PAOs are good biochemical markers of stroke was tested because there are no other reliable biochemical markers at the early stage of stroke. Levels of protein\u2010conjugated acrolein (PC\u2010Acro) and PAOs (acrolein\u2010producing enzymes) were significantly increased in the plasma of stroke patients. The multiplied value of PC\u2010Acro by PAOs was nearly parallel with the size of stroke. Furthermore, when the combined measurements of PC\u2010Acro, interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated along with age using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, even silent brain infarction (SBI), which is a small brain infarction, was indicated with approximately 84% sensitivity and specificity. These findings clearly indicate that acrolein is strongly correlated with cell damage during brain infarction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T11:34:20Z","timestamp":1309865660000},"page":"1332-1341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Protein\u2010conjugated acrolein as a biochemical marker of brain 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