{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:52:31Z","timestamp":1785210751213,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]],"date-time":"2012-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chromium and cysteine supplementation have been shown to improve glucose metabolism in animal studies. This study examined the hypothesis that chromium dinicocysteinate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDNC<\/jats:styled-content>), a complex of chromium and <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010cysteine, is beneficial in lowering oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, and glycemia in type 2 diabetic subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 diabetic subjects enrolled in this study were given placebo for 1 month for stabilization and then randomized into one of three groups: placebo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>), chromium picolinate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>), or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDNC<\/jats:styled-content>, after which they received daily oral supplementation for 3 months. Of the 100 patients enrolled in the study, 74 patients completed it. There were 25 patients in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content> supplemented group, 25 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content> supplemented and 24 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDNC<\/jats:styled-content> supplemented group who completed the study. Blood markers of glycemia, vascular inflammation, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOMA<\/jats:styled-content> insulin resistance, and oxidative stress were determined at randomization and after 3 months of supplementation with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDNC<\/jats:styled-content>. There was a significant decrease at 3 months in insulin resistance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) and in the levels of protein oxidation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDNC<\/jats:styled-content> supplemented cohort compared to baseline. However, there was no statistically significant change in these markers in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content> supplemented group compared to baseline. Insulin levels significantly decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) for subjects receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDNC<\/jats:styled-content> but not <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>. There was no significant impact of supplementation on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>b<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> or glucose levels in either of the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDNC<\/jats:styled-content> supplementation lowers insulin resistance by reducing blood levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, insulin, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic subjects. Therefore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDNC<\/jats:styled-content> supplementation has potential as an adjunct therapy for individuals with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]],"date-time":"2012-06-06T12:13:56Z","timestamp":1338984836000},"page":"1333-1341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Effect of chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation on circulating levels of insulin, <scp>TNF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b1, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic subjects: Randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Sushil K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center  Shreveport LA 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