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We have focused on \u03b2\u2010glucans from cereals as they are already used as functional food ingredients due to their established cholesterol lowering effect. Cereal \u03b2\u2010glucans have shown in vitro activity on cytokine secretion, phagocytic activity and cytotoxicity of isolated immune cells, and activation of the complement system. Animal studies suggest a possible protective effect against an intestinal parasite, against bacterial infection, and a synergistic effect in antibody\u2010dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Animal studies have shown activity of orally applied cereal \u03b2\u2010glucans indicating uptake or interaction with cells of the gastrointestinal tract. However, uptake is still debated, interaction with intestinal epithelial cells has been suggested but not clarified, and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. So far, cereal \u03b2\u2010glucans have not shown immune modulation in the few conducted human studies and further studies are needed to clarify their effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]],"date-time":"2012-04-12T11:49:44Z","timestamp":1334231384000},"page":"536-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Do cereal mixed\u2010linked \u03b2\u2010glucans possess immune\u2010modulating activities?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Rieder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nofima Mat Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Aas Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Berit","family":"Samuelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"707","article-title":"Anti\u2010tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid\u2010cultured Agaricus blazei mill","volume":"47","author":"Mizuno M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. 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