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Global gene expression in e<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WAT<\/jats:styled-content> was analyzed using microarrays and confirmed by quantitative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. As expected, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFD<\/jats:styled-content> feeding resulted in increased body fat accumulation and reduced glucose tolerance after 12 weeks. A total of 4678 transcripts were significantly changed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFD<\/jats:styled-content> after 12 weeks and 973 after 5 days, with an overlap of 764 transcripts encoding 549 genes. Of these, 79% were downregulated and 21% were upregulated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFD<\/jats:styled-content>, all in the same direction and highly correlated (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.90) between the time points. Pathway analysis showed downregulation of the main identified processes: lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Mest (mesoderm\u2010specific transcript) was highly upregulated, confirming its role as an early marker of fat cell expansion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high predictive value of short\u2010term gene expression changes for long\u2010term effects of high fat feeding is a promising step to establish robust early biomarkers that could shorten animal trials to assess health\u2010promoting food compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T09:24:02Z","timestamp":1360920242000},"page":"1423-1434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Short\u2010term, high fat feeding\u2010induced changes in white adipose tissue gene expression are highly predictive for long\u2010term changes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Voigt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Energy Metabolism German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam  Nuthetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Energy Metabolism German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam  Nuthetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evert M.","family":"van Schothorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Animal Physiology Wageningen University  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap","family":"Keijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Animal Physiology Wageningen University  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Klaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Energy Metabolism German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam  Nuthetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Food Law is nourished by credible health claims made on foods (editorial)","volume":"4","author":"Palou A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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