{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T03:56:30Z","timestamp":1788666990773,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a growing interest in food constituents that could reduce intestinal glucose absorption to prevent overshooting plasma glucose and insulin levels in patients with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus type 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We here demonstrate that an extract and individual polyphenols from apple diminish sodium\u2010coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) mediated glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of transport of sugars by SGLT1 was shown in\n                      <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      oocytes and in mice jejunal segments. Strongest inhibition was observed for phlorizin with IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values for transport inhibition of 0.46 \u00b1 0.19 and 4.1 \u00b1 0.6 \u03bcM in oocytes and intestinal segments, respectively. An oral glucose tolerance test performed in volunteers with prior administration of the apple extract reduced venous blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, similar to findings obtained in C57BL\/6N mice. Analysis of human urine samples revealed that the extract increased modestly renal glucose loss that is most likely a result of inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption by phloretin derivatives found in plasma of the volunteers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the apple extract substantially decreased intestinal glucose absorption in all test systems, the finding that there are systemic effects that relate to inhibition of glucose transport processes beyond the intestine addresses safety issues that need further exploitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201400016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T09:26:03Z","timestamp":1406625963000},"page":"1795-1808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Inhibition of the intestinal sodium\u2010coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) by extracts and polyphenols from apple reduces postprandial blood glucose levels in mice and humans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Schulze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Nutrition Unit ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences Technical University of Munich  Freising\u2010Weihenstephan Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Bangert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Nutrition Unit ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences Technical University of Munich  Freising\u2010Weihenstephan Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Kottra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Nutrition Unit ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences Technical University of Munich  Freising\u2010Weihenstephan Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin Elisabeth","family":"Geillinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Nutrition Unit ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences Technical University of Munich  Freising\u2010Weihenstephan Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Schwanck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010University of Kiel  Gutenbergstrasse Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Vollert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioActive Food GmbH  Am Ihlsee Bad Segeberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Blaschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010University of Kiel  Gutenbergstrasse Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannelore","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Nutrition Unit ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences Technical University of Munich  Freising\u2010Weihenstephan Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050617"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.3.360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.4.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00468-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.50592"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3500149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.10.3056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.159616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2012.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388550802368895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388550801913840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03887-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"426","article-title":"Apple pomace for application in food industries","volume":"45","author":"Gull\u00f3n B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Technol. 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