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This study aimed to investigate the vascular impact of fish protein in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male apoE null mice were fed a Western diet containing 20% fish (turbot) protein, casein, or soy protein, for 16 wk. Morphometric analysis of the aorta revealed that the atherosclerotic plaque area of fish protein fed mice was twofold larger than that in casein\u2010 or soy protein\u2010fed mice. The percentage area of calcification deposits in plaques of fish protein fed mice was higher (7.57%) than that in casein\u2010fed (2.86%) or soy protein\u2010fed (3.46%) mice, and fish protein fed mice exhibited higher plaque expression of CD68, CD36, and IL\u20106 than the other two groups. Fish protein intake was accompanied by increased serum concentrations of trimethylamine\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010oxide (7.03 \u00b1 2.83 \u03bcmol\/L), as compared with casein (0.92 \u00b1 0.46 \u03bcmol\/L) and soy protein (1.32 \u00b1 0.54 \u03bcmol\/L) intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present data indicate adverse effects of fish protein on the vascular system, which could be attributable to the high serum trimethylamine\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010oxide concentrations in these mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T08:52:50Z","timestamp":1444207970000},"page":"358-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Fish protein increases circulating levels of trimethylamine\u2010<i>N<\/i>\u2010oxide and accelerates aortic lesion formation in apoE null mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Narges","family":"Yazdekhasti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Brandsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Schloesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science University of Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Huebbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science University of Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Rimbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science University of Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele I.","family":"Stangl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.119271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000132503.19410.6B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1008153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508033330502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.11.1884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.2.332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2008.00819.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"Factorial experiment to determine influence of fish protein and fish oil on serum and liver lipids in rabbits","volume":"8","author":"Bergeron N.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00858-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.6.1320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-004-0486-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"674","article-title":"Dietary fish protein alters blood lipid concentrations and hepatic genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis in the rat model","volume":"96","author":"Shukla A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. 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