{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T20:20:51Z","timestamp":1780690851314,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>An elevated intracellular lipid contents resulted from lipid oversupply links obesity to insulin resistance. Flavanol\u2010rich lychee fruit extract, oligonol, exhibited anti\u2010obesity property in vitro and in vivo; however, the effects of oligonol on peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity have not been fully investigated. We hypothesized that oligonol alleviated insulin resistance via decreasing intracellular lipid contents in peripheral tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary oligonol supplementation (20 or 200 mg\/kg bw) reduced glucose and insulin levels, improved oral glucose tolerance, and suppressed inflammatory markers, MCP\u20101 and IL\u20106, in High\u2010Fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. Marked decreases in subcutaneous and visceral fat area, adipocyte size, and adipocyte released hormones including leptin and resistin by high\u2010dose oligonol treatment were associated with downregulation of PPAR\u03b3 gene expression. Significantly reduced intrahepatocellular lipid contents and hepatic triglyceride levels by oligonol (both doses) were associated with downregulation of mTOR\/SREBP\u20101\u2010mediated de novo lipogenesis. In skeletal muscle, oligonol enhanced Sirtuin1 protein expression and AMPK\u03b1 activation, consequently resulted in reductions of intramuscular lipid contents and triglyceride levels and restoration of IRS\u20101 and AS160 phosphorylation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oligonol reduced intracellular lipid contents in liver and skeletal muscle and suppressed inflammatory markers, thereby alleviating HFD\u2010induced insulin resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201501064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T09:12:20Z","timestamp":1462871540000},"page":"2288-2296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Flavanol\u2010rich lychee fruit extract alleviates diet\u2010induced insulin resistance via suppressing mTOR\/SREBP\u20101 mediated lipogenesis in liver and restoring insulin signaling in skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hung\u2010Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu\u2010Chun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen\u2010Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010An","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue\u2010Joan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.1.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.e55"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895272","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/895272","article-title":"Inhibition of adipogenesis by oligonol through Akt\u2010mTOR inhibition in 3T3\u2010L1 adipocytes","volume":"2014","author":"Park J. 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