{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:15:25Z","timestamp":1791936925061,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44DK103377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44DK103377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007076","name":"Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIRC #18107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIRC #18107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The putative relationship between diet, including its inflammatory potential, and breast cancer has been studied extensively, but results remain inconsistent. Using data from a large Italian case\u2013control study conducted between 1991 and 1994, we examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and odds of breast cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>DII scores were computed using a validated 78\u2010item food frequency questionnaire. Subjects were 2569 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer and 2588 controls admitted to hospital for acute, non\u2010hormone\u2010related diseases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on continuous and quintiles of DII were estimated by multiple logistic regression adjusting for age, study center, education, BMI, parity, menopausal status, family history of hormone\u2010related cancers, and total energy intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women in quintiles 2, 3, 4 and 5 had ORs of breast cancer of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.59), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.66), 1.41 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.73), and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.21), respectively, compared to women in quintile 1. One\u2010unit increase in DII increased the odds of having breast cancer by 9% (95% CI: 1.05, 1.14).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pro\u2010inflammatory diet is associated to increased risk of breast cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,29]],"date-time":"2016-10-29T08:23:17Z","timestamp":1477729397000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Association between the dietary inflammatory index and breast cancer in a large Italian case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Shivappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"},{"name":"Connecting Health Innovations  Columbia SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"},{"name":"Connecting Health Innovations  Columbia SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Rosato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Montella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Epidemiologia Fondazione G. 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