{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:50:30Z","timestamp":1790391030001,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>To summarize available evidence on the association between dietary flavonoid as well as lignan intake and cancer risk in observational studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search on electronic databases of all English language case\u2013control and prospective studies published up to June 2016 was performed. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by random\u2010effects model separately by study design. Heterogeneity and publication bias were tested. Out of the 143 studies included, meta\u2010analyses of prospective studies showed isoflavones significantly associated with decreased risk of lung and stomach cancers and nearly significant breast and colorectal cancers; total flavonoids showed nonsignificant decreased risk of breast cancer. Meta\u2010analyses of case\u2013control studies showed: total and\/or individual classes of flavonoids associated with upper aero\u2010digestive tract, colorectal, breast, and lung cancers; isoflavones with ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancers, endometrial and lung cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most evidence reported in previous meta\u2010analyses was driven by case\u2013control studies. Overall results may be promising but are inconclusive. Further prospective cohorts assessing dietary polyphenol exposure and studies using other methods to evaluate exposure (i.e. markers of consumption, metabolism, excretion) are needed to confirm and determine consumption levels required to achieve health benefits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T10:06:52Z","timestamp":1481537212000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":265,"title":["A comprehensive meta\u2010analysis on dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and cancer risk: Level of evidence and limitations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Grosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania\u2010Messina\u2010Siracusa\u2010Enna Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria Policlinico\u2010Vittorio Emanuele  Catania Italy"},{"name":"NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health St John's Innovation 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