{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:39:49Z","timestamp":1785904789201,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2011\u201024279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2011\u201024279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CD10\/00224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD10\/00224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005774","name":"Universitat de Barcelona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APIF2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APIF2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish the role of cocoa theobromine on gut microbiota composition and fermentation products after cocoa consumption in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lewis rats were fed either a standard diet (RF diet), a diet containing 10% cocoa (CC diet) or a diet including 0.25% theobromine (TB diet) for 15 days. Gut microbiota (fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled to flow cytometry and metagenomics analysis), SCFA and IgA\u2010coated bacteria were analyzed in fecal samples. CC and TB diets induced lower counts of<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>whereas TB diet led to lower counts of<jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>spp. and<jats:italic>Clostridium histolyticum\u2010C. perfingens<\/jats:italic>group compared to RF diet. Metagenomics analysis also revealed a different microbiota pattern among the studied groups. The SCFA content was higher after both CC and TB diets, which was mainly due to enhanced butyric acid production. Furthermore, both diets decreased the proportion of IgA\u2010coated bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cocoa's theobromine plays a relevant role in some effects related to cocoa intake, such as the lower proportion of IgA\u2010coated bacteria. Moreover, theobromine modifies gut microbiota although other cocoa compounds could also act on intestinal bacteria, attenuating or enhancing the theobromine effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T14:28:41Z","timestamp":1497277721000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Effect of cocoa's theobromine on intestinal microbiota of rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group REGICOR Study Group Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre\u2013Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Health Institute Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Physiology Section Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariona","family":"Camps\u2010Bossacoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA\u2010UB) Santa Coloma de Gramenet Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malen","family":"Massot\u2010Cladera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA\u2010UB) Santa Coloma de Gramenet Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Rigo\u2010Adrover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA\u2010UB) Santa Coloma de Gramenet Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c0ngels","family":"Franch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA\u2010UB) Santa Coloma de Gramenet Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA\u2010UB) Santa Coloma de Gramenet Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Castell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA\u2010UB) Santa Coloma de Gramenet Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5051573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071811-150642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2007.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2012.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451600074X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7417505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5104159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/46.2.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The relevance of theobromine for the beneficial effects of cocoa consumption","volume":"6","author":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Pinilla E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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