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To identify the key contributor of this effect, we isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from kefir and examined their anti\u2010obesity properties from in vitro screening and in vivo validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirteen kefir LAB isolates were subjected to survivability test using artificial gastrointestinal environment and cholesterol\u2010reducing assay.\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus kefiri<\/jats:italic>\n                      DH5 showed 100% survivability in gastrointestinal environments and reduced 51.6% of cholesterol; thus, this strain was selected for in vivo experiment. Compared to the HFD\u2010saline group, the HFD\u2010DH5 group showed significantly lower body weight (34.68 versus 31.10 g;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), epididymal adipose tissue weight (1.39 versus 1.05 g;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), blood triglyceride (38.2 versus 31.0 mg\/dL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) and LDL\u2010cholesterol levels (19.4 versus 15.7 mg\/dL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). In addition,\n                      <jats:italic>L. kefiri<\/jats:italic>\n                      DH5 administration significantly modulated gut microbiota of HFD\u2010fed mice. The hepatic steatosis was significantly milder (Lesion score, 2.1 versus 1.2;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and adipocyte diameter was significantly smaller (65.1 versus 42.2 \u03bcm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) in the HFD\u2010DH5 group.\n                      <jats:italic>L. kefiri<\/jats:italic>\n                      DH5 upregulated\n                      <jats:italic>PPAR\u2010\u03b1, FABP4, and CPT1<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression in the epididymal adipose tissues (2.29\u2010, 1.77\u2010, and 2.05\u2010fold change, respectively), suggesting a reduction in adiposity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>L. kefiri<\/jats:italic>\n                      DH5 exerts anti\u2010obesity effects by direct reduction of cholesterol in the lumen and upregulation of\n                      <jats:italic>PPAR\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene in adipose tissues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T04:23:03Z","timestamp":1499660583000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Dual function of\n                    <i>Lactobacillus kefiri<\/i>\n                    DH5 in preventing high\u2010fat\u2010diet\u2010induced obesity: direct reduction of cholesterol and upregulation of PPAR\u2010\u03b1 in adipose tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Dong\u2010Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for One Health College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Hwayang\u2010dong Gwangjin\u2010gu Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for One Health College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Hwayang\u2010dong Gwangjin\u2010gu Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il\u2010Byeong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for One Health College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Hwayang\u2010dong Gwangjin\u2010gu Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunsook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food &amp; Nutrition College of Human Ecology Hanyang University  Seongdong\u2010gu Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang\u2010Young","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for One Health College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Hwayang\u2010dong Gwangjin\u2010gu Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun\u2010Ho","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for One Health College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Hwayang\u2010dong Gwangjin\u2010gu Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-013-0568-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-5346-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2012.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)01707-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2008.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"30312","article-title":"Effect of fragmented Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 on lipid metabolism in overweight and mildly obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Nakamura F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. 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