{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T05:42:07Z","timestamp":1768887727551,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]],"date-time":"2017-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary intake of beetroot by humans reduces blood pressure but whether this is caused by nitrate or betanin is not well\u2010defined; neither are effects on other signs of metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats fed a high\u2010carbohydrate, high\u2010fat diet (H) for 16 weeks developed abdominal obesity, hypertension, altered cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and impaired glucose tolerance compared to rats fed a corn starch diet (C). H rats treated with \u223c16 mg\/kg\/day of nitrate either from beetroot juice (H+B) or sodium nitrate (H+N) for the last 8 weeks reduced systolic blood pressure by \u223c25 mmHg, improved cardiac structure and function, plasma lipid profile and plasma markers of liver function, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in heart and liver and decreased left ventricular fibrosis. In the left ventricle, H rats increased mRNA expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP\u20101), matrix metalloproteinase\u20102 (MMP\u20102), and adenosine monophosphate\u2010activated protein kinase\u2010alpha (AMPK\u2010\u03b1) and decreased mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010alpha (PPAR\u2010\u03b1); both beetroot and sodium nitrate diet\u2010fed rats decreased CTGF threefold, MCP\u20101, and MMP\u20102 twofold, and doubled PPAR\u2010\u03b1 mRNA expression in left ventricular tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The similar functional and molecular responses to beetroot and sodium nitrate indicate that the nitrate content of beetroot reduced inflammation and improved cardiovascular, liver, and metabolic function in rats with metabolic syndrome, rather than betanin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]],"date-time":"2017-09-27T05:23:03Z","timestamp":1506489783000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Beetroot and Sodium Nitrate Ameliorate Cardiometabolic Changes in Diet\u2010Induced Obese Hypertensive Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Maharshi","family":"Bhaswant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chronic Disease College of Health and Biomedicine Victoria University  Melbourne 3021 Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology K L University  Vaddeswaram Guntur 522502 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing and Institute for Agriculture and the Environment University of Southern Queensland  Toowoomba 4350 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"McAinch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chronic Disease College of Health and Biomedicine Victoria University  Melbourne 3021 Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science College of Health and Biomedicine Victoria University  Melbourne 3021 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Mathai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chronic Disease College of Health and Biomedicine Victoria University  Melbourne 3021 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5093646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Australian Dietary Guidelines \u2010 providing the scientific evidence for healthier Australian diets;2013.https:\/\/www.eatforhealth.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/the_guidelines\/n55_australian_dietary_guidelines.pdf(accessed: October 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Joint WHO\/FAO expert consultation on diet nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. 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