{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:52:44Z","timestamp":1790646764947,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are diverse unconjugated carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human breast milk. These glycans are investigated in the context of exhibiting multiple functions in infant growth and development. They seem to provide protection against infectious diseases, including a number of poorly manageable viral infections. Although the potential mechanism of the HMO antiviral protection is rather broad, much of the current experimental work has focused on studying of HMO antiadhesive properties. HMOs may mimic structures of viral receptors and block adherence to target cells, thus preventing infection. Still, the potential of HMOs as a source for new antiviral drugs is relatively unexploited. This can be partly attributed to the extreme complexity of the virus\u2010carbohydrate interactions and technical difficulties in HMO isolation, characterization, and manufacturing procedures. Fortunately, we are currently entering a period of major technological advances that have enabled deeper insights into carbohydrate mediated viral entry, rational selection of HMOs as anti\u2010entry inhibitors, and even evaluation of individual synthetic HMO structures. Here, we provide an up\u2010to\u2010date review on glycan binding studies for rotaviruses, noroviruses, influenza viruses, and human immunodeficiency viruses. We also discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of HMOs as anti\u2010entry inhibitors and address challenges on the route from fundamental studies to clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T10:59:47Z","timestamp":1516100387000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Promising Antivirals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Vasily","family":"Morozov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit University Children's Hospital Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Hansman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz\u2010Georg","family":"Hanisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry II Medical Faculty University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Schroten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit University Children's Hospital Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00102-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1875398101205010019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.5.1304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507824068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513001591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-01-0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03223-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4052\/tigg.1734.1SE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.86.731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"12","volume-title":"New Perspectives in Infant Nutrition","author":"Egge H.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0615810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012384430-9\/50015-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr100362f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Genetic Expression and Nutrition. 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