{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:28:31Z","timestamp":1785306511258,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"eMOOD (AU Ideas Initiative)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics may influence one\u2010carbon (C1) metabolism, neurotransmitters, liver function markers, or behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male adult Flinders Sensitive Line rats (model of depression, FSL; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 22) received <jats:italic>Lactobacillus helveticus<\/jats:italic> R0052 and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic> R0175 (10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> or 10<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup> colony\u2010forming units per day) or vehicle for 10\u00a0weeks. The controls, Flinders Resistant Line rats (FRL, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8), only received vehicle. C1\u2010related metabolites were measured in plasma, urine, and different tissues. Monoamine concentrations were measured in plasma, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Vehicle\u2010treated FSL rats had higher plasma concentrations of betaine, choline, and dimethylglycine, but lower plasma homocysteine and liver S\u2010adenosylmethionine (SAM) than FRLs. FSL rats receiving high\u2010dose probiotics had lower plasma betaine and higher liver SAM compared to vehicle\u2010treated FSL rats. FSLs had higher concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin than FRLs across various brain regions. Probiotics decreased plasma dopamine in FSLs in a dose\u2010dependent manner. There were no detectable changes in liver function markers or behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics reduced the flow of methyl groups via betaine, increased liver SAM, and decreased plasma dopamine and norepinephrine. Since these changes in methylation and catecholamine pathways are known to be involved in several diseases, future investigation of the effect of probiotics is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201701070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,17]],"date-time":"2018-02-17T07:52:38Z","timestamp":1518853958000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Probiotics Affect One\u2010Carbon Metabolites and Catecholamines in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Tillmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Risskov Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussain M.","family":"Awwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University Hospital Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine  Homburg\/Saar Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Eskelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Risskov Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Treccani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Risskov Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Geisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University Hospital Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine  Homburg\/Saar Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregers","family":"Wegener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Risskov Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"Obeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University Hospital Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine  Homburg\/Saar Germany"},{"name":"Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Aarhus University  Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-017-0138-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416686694"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2013.3052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm16018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"857","volume":"17","author":"Lee M. 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