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It is hypothesized that improvements in obesity and MetS are linked to changes in composition of the gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test this hypothesis, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and bile acids were measured in fecal samples from C57BL\/6J mice fed a high\u2010fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing XN, DXN or TXN. Expression of genes associated with epithelial barrier function, inflammation, and bile acid metabolism were measured in the colon, white adipose tissue (WAT), and liver, respectively. Administration of XN derivatives decreases intestinal microbiota diversity and abundance\u2014specifically Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes\u2014alters bile acid metabolism, and reduces inflammation. In WAT, TXN supplementation decreases pro\u2010inflammatory gene expression by suppressing macrophage infiltration. Transkingdom network analysis connects changes in the microbiota to improvements in MetS in the host.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism may explain, in part, the improvements in obesity and MetS associated with administration of XN and its derivatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T04:34:26Z","timestamp":1574397266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Improvements in Metabolic Syndrome by Xanthohumol Derivatives Are Linked to Altered Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University  Corvallis OR 97331 USA"},{"name":"School of Biological and Population Health Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis OR 97331 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Bobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University  Corvallis OR 97331 USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis OR 97331 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johana S.","family":"Revel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University  Corvallis OR 97331 USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Oregon State University  Corvallis OR 97331 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard 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