{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:14:18Z","timestamp":1791281658042,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the individual effects of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on insulin resistance (IR), gut microbiome, and gut metabolites in high\u2010fat\u2010diet\u2010induced obese (DIO) mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>DIO mice are fed an either high\u2010fat diet (HFD), EPA (1%\u00a0w\/w) enriched HFD, or DHA (1%\u00a0wt\/wt) enriched HFD for 15 weeks. Both EPA and DHA supplements reverse hyperglycemia and IR but do not affect body weight in DIO mice while DHA exhibits a more pronounced ameliorative effect in male mice. Both EPA\u2010 and DHA\u2010enriched <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs)\u2010producing species from Lachnospiraceae while reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010producing <jats:italic>Bilophil<\/jats:italic>a and <jats:italic>Escherichia\/Shigella<\/jats:italic>. Compared with EPA, DHA\u2010supplemented mice have more abundant propionic\/butyric acid\u2010producing bacteria, including <jats:italic>Coprococcus, Butyricimonas synergistica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroides acidifaciens<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Intestinimonas<\/jats:italic>, and less\u2010abundant LPS\u2010correlated species <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>p\u201075\u2010a5<\/jats:italic>. The shifts in gut microbiome co\u2010occurred with the changes in levels of propionic\/butyric acid, circulating LPS, and serotonin. Additionally, EPA\/DHA supplementation attenuates adipose inflammation with upregulated glucose transporter 4 and Akt phosphorylation, indicating the improvement of insulin signaling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>EPA and DHA differentially reverse IR and relieve adipose inflammation while modulating gut microbiome and SCFAs\/LPS production, underscoring the gut\u2010adipose axis as a primary target of EPA\/DHA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T19:54:28Z","timestamp":1587066868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Differentially Alter Gut Microbiome and Reverse High\u2010Fat Diet\u2013Induced Insulin 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