{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T05:26:05Z","timestamp":1768800365127,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gluten from the diploid wheat <jats:italic>Triticum monococcum<\/jats:italic> (TM) has low content of immunostimulatory sequences and a high gastro\u2010intestinal digestibility. Gluten\u2010reactive T cells elicited by diploid and hexaploid (<jats:italic>Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic>\u2010TA) wheat in celiac disease (CD) patients upon a brief oral challenge are analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen patients with CD (median age 13 years) consumed for 3 days sandwiches made with TM (cultivar Norberto\u2010ID331, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>=11), or TA (cultivar <jats:italic>Sagittario<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>=11) flours, corresponding to 12\u00a0gr of gluten\/die. Immunostimulatory properties are assessed in blood by measuring the IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010secreting T cells by EliSpot and the expression of inflammatory cytokines\/receptors (IL\u201012A, IL\u201015, IL\u201018RAP, IFN\u2010\u03b3) by qPCR. TA mobilizes a remarkable number of gliadin\u2010specific, IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010secreting T cells (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), while no significant cell mobilization is induced by TM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=ns). Similar results are obtained in response to five immunogenic peptides from \u03b1\u2010, \u03c9\u2010, and \u03b3\u2010gliadins, although with a large individual variability. An increased mRNA expression for IL\u201012A and IFN\u2010\u03b3 is detected in the group eating TA compared to those consuming TM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although <jats:italic>T. monococcum<\/jats:italic> is a cereal not suitable for the diet of celiacs, this diploid wheat elicits a reduced in vivo T\u2010cell response compared to <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aestivum<\/jats:italic> in celiac patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201901032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T17:54:07Z","timestamp":1588787647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["In Celiac Disease Patients the In Vivo Challenge with the Diploid <i>Triticum monococcum<\/i> Elicits a Reduced Immune Response Compared to Hexaploid Wheat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Picascia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council  Via Pietro Castellino, 111, Napoli Naples 80131 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Camarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council  Via Roma, 64 Avellino 83100 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Malamisura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics Federico II University of Naples  Via Sergio Pansini, 5 Napoli 80131 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Mandile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics Federico II University of Naples  Via Sergio Pansini, 5 Napoli 80131 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Galatola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics Federico II University of Naples  Via Sergio Pansini, 5 Napoli 80131 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Cielo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics Federico II University of Naples  Via Sergio Pansini, 5 Napoli 80131 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro\u2010Food Processing  Via Po, 14 Roma 00198 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Mamone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council  Via Roma, 64 Avellino 83100 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics Federico II University of Naples  Via Sergio Pansini, 5 Napoli 80131 Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for the Food Induced Diseases (E.L.F.I.D) Federico II University of Naples  Via Sergio Pansini, 5 Napoli 80131 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Troncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics Federico II University of 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