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Total plasma concentration of curcumin is often quantified after treatment with \u03b2\u2010glucuronidase to hydrolyze curcumin\u2010glucuronide, the most abundant conjugate in vivo. The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis has not been tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS) analyses the efficiency of \u03b2\u2010glucuronidase and sulfatase from <jats:italic>Helix pomatia<\/jats:italic> is compared to hydrolyze curcumin conjugates in human and mouse plasma after oral administration of turmeric. Both \u03b2\u2010glucuronidase and sulfatase completely hydrolyze curcumin\u2010glucuronide. Unexpectedly, \u03b2\u2010glucuronidase hydrolysis is incomplete, affording a large amount of curcumin\u2010sulfate, whereas sulfatase hydrolyzed both glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. With sulfatase, the concentration of free curcumin is doubled in human and increased in mouse plasma compared to \u03b2\u2010glucuronidase treatment. Incomplete hydrolysis by \u03b2\u2010glucuronidase suggests the presence of mixed glucuronide\u2010sulfate conjugates. LC\u2013MS based searches detect diglucuronide, disulfate, and mixed sulfate\u2010glucuronide and sulfate\u2010diglucuronide conjugates in plasma that likely contribute to the increase of free curcumin upon sulfatase treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03b2\u2010Glucuronidase incompletely hydrolyzes complex sulfate\u2010containing conjugates that appear to be major metabolites, resulting in an underestimation of the total plasma concentration of curcumin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201901037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T22:05:20Z","timestamp":1579644320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Incomplete Hydrolysis of Curcumin Conjugates by \u03b2\u2010Glucuronidase: Detection of Complex Conjugates in Plasma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Paula B.","family":"Luis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Vanderbilt University Medical School  Nashville TN 37232 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Kunihiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson AZ 85719 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson AZ 85719 USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Arizona  Tucson AZ 85719 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Vanderbilt University Medical School  Nashville TN 37232 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2111106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6723931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022515602191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1330-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-46856-8_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2010.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2693"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.2912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO00558J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2013.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b03609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"486","volume":"27","author":"Pan M. 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