{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T08:27:25Z","timestamp":1759480045678,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 DK097154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 DK097154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is designed to provide a broad evaluation of the impacts of vitamin A (VA) deficiency on hepatic metabolism in a gerbil model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 28 days of VA depletion, male Mongolian gerbils (<jats:italic>Meriones unguiculatus)<\/jats:italic>are randomly assigned to experimental diets for 28 days. Groups are fed a white\u2010maize\u2010based diet with \u224850\u00a0\u00b5L cottonseed oil vehicle either alone (VA\u2212,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) or containing 40\u00a0\u00b5g retinyl acetate (VA+,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) for 28 days. Liver retinol is measured by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography. Primary metabolomics, aminomics, lipidomics, bile acids, oxylipins, ceramides, and endocannabinoids are analyzed in post\u2010mortem liver samples by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver retinol is lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) in the VA\u2212 versus VA+ group, with concentrations indicating marginal VA deficiency. A total of 300 metabolites are identified. Marginal VA deficiency is associated with lower bile acids, trimethylamine<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010oxide, and a variety of acylcarnitines, phospholipids and sphingomyelins (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Components of DNA, including deoxyguanosine, cytidine, and<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010carbomoyl\u2010beta\u2010alanine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), are differentially altered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatic metabolomics in a marginally VA\u2010deficient gerbil model revealed alterations in markers of the gut microbiome, fatty acid and nucleotide metabolism, and cellular structure and signaling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201901319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T20:25:00Z","timestamp":1590524700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metabolomics Reveals Altered Hepatic Bile Acids, Gut Microbiome Metabolites, and Cell Membrane Lipids Associated with Marginal Vitamin A Deficiency in a Mongolian Gerbil Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2269-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"La Frano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA"},{"name":"Center for Health Research California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA"},{"name":"West Coast Metabolomics Center University of California Davis CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of California Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology I. 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