{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:20:55Z","timestamp":1791591655921,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2014\u201055347\u2010R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2014\u201055347\u2010R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2017\u201083477\u2010R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2017\u201083477\u2010R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>A grape\u2010seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) interacts at the intestinal level, enhancing glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) and peptide YY (PYY) release, which modulate appetite and glucose homeostasis. Thus, enhancing L\u2010cell numbers could be a strategy to promote hormone production, providing a potential strategy for obesity and type\u20102 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice ileum organoids are used to evaluate the long\u2010term effects of GSPE and two of its main components, epicatechin (EC) and gallic acid (GA), on intestinal differentiation. Hormone levels are determined using RIA and ELISA kits, and gene expression of transcription factors involved in intestinal cell differentiation, as well as markers of different cell types, are assessed by real\u2010time qPCR. GSPE upregulates enterohormone gene expression and content, as well as the pan\u2010endocrine marker chromogranin A. GSPE also modulates the temporal gene expression profile of early and late transcription factors involved in L\u2010cell differentiation. Furthermore, GSPE upregulates goblet cell (Muc2) and enterocyte (sucraseisomaltase) markers, while downregulating stem cell markers (Lgr5+). Although EC and GA modified enterohormone release, they do not reproduce GSPE effects on transcription factor's profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows the potential role of GSPE in promoting enteroendocrine differentiation, effect that is not mediated by EC or GA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T05:29:21Z","timestamp":1593667761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Long Term Exposure to a Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Enhances L\u2010Cell Differentiation in Intestinal Organoids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"\u00c0ngela","family":"Casanova\u2010Mart\u00ed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MoBioFood Research Group Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Biotecnologia Universitat Rovira i Virgili  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