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NAFLD involves a series of liver abnormalities from simple hepatic steatosis to non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The gut\u2013liver axis plays an important role in the development of NAFLD, which depends mainly on regulation of the gut microbiota and its bacterial products. These intestinal bacterial species and their metabolites, including bile acids, tryptophan catabolites, and branched\u2010chain amino acids, regulate adipose tissue and intestinal homeostasis and contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD\/non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis. 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