{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:48:08Z","timestamp":1789962488204,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1704192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1704192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004609","name":"Foundation of Henan Educational Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18A310032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18A310032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperglycemia\u2010induced cardiac fibrosis is one of the main causes of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DM). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) found in many foods has excellent hypoglycemic effectiveness, but it is not known whether CGA can improve DM by inhibiting cardiac fibrosis caused by hyperglycemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type I diabetic mice are induced by streptozotocin, and after treatment with CGA for 12 weeks, cardiac functions and fibrosis are determined. CGA significantly attenuates hyperglycemia\u2010induced cardiac fibrosis and improves cardiac functions. The mechanism of CGA on fibrotic inhibition is further studied by immunofluorescence, western blot and RNA interference technology in vivo and in vitro. The results show CGA exerted its anti\u2010fibrotic effects through activating the cyclic GMP\/protein kinase G pathway (cGMP\/PKG) to block hyperglycemia\u2010induced nuclear translocation of p\u2010Smad2\/3, and then inhibiting pro\u2010fibrotic gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts without depending on its hypoglycemic function. Moreover, the data also revealed that CGA increased cGMP level and activated PKG in cardiac fibroblasts by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and NO production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Besides lowering blood glucose, CGA also has an independent ability to inhibit cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, long\u2010term consumption of foods rich in CGA for diabetic patients will have great benefits to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T09:50:57Z","timestamp":1605606657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Hyperglycemia\u2010Induced Cardiac Fibrosis through Activation of the NO\/cGMP\/PKG Pathway in Cardiac Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Linhui","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University  No.100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan 450001 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