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Vitamin D is reported as beneficial to gut barriers in some animal models. However, its effect on cirrhotic bacterial translocation is unknown. The authors aim to investigate the effects of calcitriol on bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cirrhotic rats are administrated with a 2\u2010week course of active vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (calcitriol, 0.1\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0per day) or vehicle\u00a0by oral gavage after thioacetamide (TAA) injection for 16 weeks. Bacterial translocation, gut permeability, gut microbiota, and associated mechanisms are investigated. Calcitriol treatment significantly attenuates bacterial translocation and reduces intestinal permeability in TAA\u2010induced cirrhotic rats. It upregulates the expressions of occludin in the small intestine and claudin\u20101 in the colon of cirrhotic rats directly independent of intrahepatic status. Even when a short period of calcitriol treatment do not reduce intestinal bacterial overgrowth, it induces a remarkable change of bacterial diversities and enrichment of <jats:italic>Muribaculaceae<\/jats:italic>, Bacteroidales, <jats:italic>Allobaculum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anaerovorax<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calcitriol treatment attenuates intestinal permeability, reduces bacterial translocation, and enriches potentially beneficial gut microbiota in cirrhotic rats that may enable it as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent cirrhotic complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T07:35:20Z","timestamp":1606808120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Active Vitamin D<sub>3<\/sub> Treatment Attenuated Bacterial Translocation via Improving Intestinal Barriers in Cirrhotic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7492-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei\u2010Chang","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming University  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11217 Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11221 Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine  201 Shih\u2010Pai Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 11217 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Chen","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming University  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11217 Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11221 Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine  201 Shih\u2010Pai Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 11217 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teh\u2010Ia","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming University  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11217 Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11221 Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Basic Research Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital  201 Shih\u2010Pai Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 11217 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ueng\u2010Cheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11221 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao\u2010Hsiung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences National Yang Ming University  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11221 Taiwan"},{"name":"Proteomics Research Center National Yang Ming University  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11221 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Pin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.  155, Sec. 2, Li\u2010Nong Street Taipei 11221 Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine  201 Shih\u2010Pai Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 11217 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