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Fasting blood samples are collected at the beginning, middle, and end of the trial. Compared with the rice group, oat consumption significantly decreases serum total cholesterol (TC) (\u20108.41%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010c) (\u201013.93%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), and non high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (non\u2010HDL\u2010c) (\u201010.93%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.017) levels. There are no significant between\u2010group differences in serum triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), glycated albumin, or fasting blood glucose levels. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS\u2010DA) suggests a clear separation in metabolic profiles between the groups after the intervention. Twenty\u2010one metabolites in the oat group are significantly different from those in the rice group, among which 14 metabolites show a decreased trend. In comparison, seven metabolites show an increased trend. Correlations analysis from both groups indicate that most metabolites [e.g., sphinganine and phosphatidylcholine (PC)(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)\/20:1(11Z))] have positive correlations with serum cholesterol levels. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway analysis suggests that oat consumption regulated glycerophospholipid, alanine, aspartate and glutamate, sphingolipid, and retinol metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oat consumption has beneficial effects on serum lipids profiles. The underlying mechanisms involve glycerophospholipid, alanine, aspartate and glutamate, sphingolipid, and retinol metabolism in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202001059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T15:50:41Z","timestamp":1617292241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Serum Metabolomics Reveals Underlying Mechanisms of\u00a0Cholesterol\u2010Lowering Effects of Oat Consumption: A\u00a0Randomized Controlled Trial in a Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Dengfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 P.R. 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