{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:55:51Z","timestamp":1781308551377,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Grains of Paradise (GOP), the seeds of <jats:italic>Aframomum melegueta<\/jats:italic>, has anti\u2010obesity effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study sets up to study the anti\u2010obesity impact and homeostatic effects of 6\u2010paradol, a major vanilloid found in GOP, and investigates the physiological outputs and the lipometabolism\u2010related gene in fat and liver in high\u2010fat\u2010induced obese mice with a comparison with structurally similar vanilloids (6\u2010gingerol and 6\u2010shogaol). The vanilloids are synthesized in adequate quantities for performing animal experiments and orally administered to 6\u2010week\u2010old male mice over 2 weeks. This study found that 6\u2010paradol decreased body weight gain and visceral and subcutaneous fats in 2 weeks, whereas 6\u2010gingerol and 6\u2010shogaol have no effect. Additionally, 6\u2010paradol suppresses the hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride and significantly decreases the gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis, lipid transportation, and adipocyte differentiation in both liver and adipose tissue. Moreover, phosphorylation of AMP\u2010activated protein kinase (AMPK) that greatly contributes to lipometabolism is promoted by 6\u2010gingerol but not 6\u2010paradol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that 6\u2010paradol regulates several obesity\u2010related genes in an AMPK\u2010independent manner. Therefore, it could be the principal active vanilloid in GOP giving it anti\u2010obesity properties with a different mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T10:45:00Z","timestamp":1617273900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["6\u2010Paradol Acts as a Potential Anti\u2010obesity Vanilloid from Grains of Paradise"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9950-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Hattori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Satellite Campuses Institute Nagoya University  Nagoya 464\u20138601 Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University  Nagoya 464\u20138601 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