{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:08:27Z","timestamp":1791518907079,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which is characterized by severe Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) 2\u2010mediated inflammation. The dietary fiber pectin is shown to prevent this intestinal inflammation through direct inhibition of TLR2 in a microbiota\u2010independent manner. Recent in vitro studies show that inhibition of TLR2 is determined by the number and distribution of methyl\u2010esters of pectins. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the degree of methyl\u2010esterification (DM) and the degree of blockiness (DB) of pectins determine attenuating efficacy on doxorubicin\u2010induced intestinal mucositis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four structurally different pectins that differed in DM and DB are tested on inhibitory effects on murine TLR2 in vitro, and on doxorubicin\u2010induced intestinal mucositis in mice. These data demonstrate that low DM pectins or intermediate DM pectins with high DB have the strongest inhibitory impact on murine TLR2\u20101 and the strongest attenuating effect on TLR2\u2010induced apoptosis and peritonitis. Intermediate DM pectin with a low DB is, however, also effective in preventing the induction of doxorubicin\u2010induced intestinal damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These pectin structures with stronger TLR2\u2010inhibiting properties may prevent the development of doxorubicin\u2010induced intestinal damage in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment with doxorubicin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T04:43:22Z","timestamp":1626410602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Attenuation of Doxorubicin\u2010Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis by Pectins is Dependent on Pectin's Methyl\u2010Ester Number and Distribution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Beukema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen  Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9va","family":"Jermendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University  Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen WG 6708 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taco","family":"Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen  Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohji","family":"Kitaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu University  1\u20101 Yanagido Gifu City 501\u20101193 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen  Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Alexander","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSM Biotechnology Center Alexander Fleminglaan 1  Delft AX 2613 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijke M.","family":"Faas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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