{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:46:43Z","timestamp":1791013603782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ready\u2010to\u2010feed liquid infant formula is increasingly used for preterm infants when human milk is unavailable. These formulas are sterilized by ultra\u2010high temperature treatment, but heating and storage may reduce bioactivity and increase formation of Maillard reaction products with potential negative consequences for immature newborns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using preterm pigs as a model for sensitive newborn infants, the study tests the intestinal responses of feeding experimental liquid formula within 5 days. A pasteurized formula (PAST) with the same nutrient composition but less protein modifications serves as control to ultra\u2010high temperature\u2010treated formula without (UHT) and with prolonged storage (SUHT). Relative to PAST, UHT contains lower levels of lactoferrin and IgG. Additional storage (40\u00a0\u00b0C, 60 days, SUHT) reduces antimicrobial capacity and increases non\u2010reducible protein aggregates and Maillard reaction products (up to 13\u2010fold). Pigs fed SUHT have more diarrhea and show signs of intestinal inflammation (necrotizing enterocolitis) compared with pigs fed PAST and UHT. These clinical effects are accompanied by accumulation of Maillard reaction products, protein cross\u2010links, and inflammatory responses in the gut.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrate that feeding UHT infant formulas, particularly after prolonged storage, adversely affects gut maturation and function in preterm pigs used as a model of preterm infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T10:33:28Z","timestamp":1662114808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ultra\u2010High Temperature Treatment and Storage of Infant Formula Induces Dietary Protein Modifications, Gut Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Preterm Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Dyrl\u00e6gevej 68 Frederiksberg C 1870 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halise G\u00fcl","family":"Ak\u0131ll\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen  Rolighedsvej 26 Frederiksberg 1958 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"Aasmul\u2010Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Dyrl\u00e6gevej 68 Frederiksberg C 1870 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen  Rolighedsvej 26 Frederiksberg 1958 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernille","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen  Rolighedsvej 26 Frederiksberg 1958 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen  Rolighedsvej 26 Frederiksberg 1958 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Brunse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Dyrl\u00e6gevej 68 Frederiksberg C 1870 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Fiil","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arla Foods Ingredients  S\u00f8nderh\u00f8j 10\u201312 Viby J 8260 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dereck E. 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