{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T21:05:26Z","timestamp":1788901526927,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spicy foods and chili peppers contain the primary ingredient capsaicin, which has potential health benefits. However, their efficacy in some health outcomes is also fiercely disputed, and some side effects have been confirmed. To assess the quality and strength of the associations between spicy food and chili pepper consumption and different health outcomes. An umbrella review is performed in humans. Eleven systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses with a total of 27 findings are identified. The health effect of consuming spicy food and chili peppers is unclear. Furthermore, the characteristics and context of different world regions and populations should be carefully considered. Direct correlations exist in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and gallbladder cancer. However, negative connections are reported in metabolism, mortality, and cardiovascular disease. Dose\u2013response analysis reveals a significant nonlinear relationship between gastric cancer risk and capsaicin intake. The consumption of spicy foods and chili peppers is typically safe. However, high\u2010quality proof is available to confirm this conclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T13:20:13Z","timestamp":1663334413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Spicy Food and Chili Peppers and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-2679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhimin","family":"Ao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongyue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 China"},{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital  Beijing 100853 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7311-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/phytokeys.140.47071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-014-1260-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308933111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2021.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.58860"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30081-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2015-000262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3942"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319721995666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.213968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2020.1733625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77983-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570163814666171010113517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2010.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.014332"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2016.1258044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"439","volume":"21","author":"Sanati S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J. 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