{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:14Z","timestamp":1786978274143,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013211","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1630142022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630142022009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["322RC586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322RC586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Immunosuppression is one of the major risk factors for a series of diseases, such as tumor, rheumatoid arthritis, and microbial infection. Various natural products have attracted wide attention due to their immunomodulatory activities. Herein, the study investigates the regulation of\n                      <jats:italic>Holothuria leucospilota<\/jats:italic>\n                      polysaccharides (HLP) in immunosuppressed mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight\u2010week\u2010old female BALB\/c mice are injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (80\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      body weight day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) to establish the immunosuppressive model. After 12 days of HLP treatment, the immune organ indexes, serum cytokines, and immunoglobulin levels are significantly increased in immunosuppressed mice (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Real\u2010time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis find that HLP improves the immune factors, T\u2010cell markers, and Toll\u2010like receptors (TLR) pathway\u2010related proteins expression. Simultaneously, HLP significantly increases the short\u2010chain fatty acids concentration and regulates the gut microbiota composition (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the metagenomics analysis shows that HLP increases the levels of functional genes involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and growth activity of the gut microbiota.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HLP intervention improves the mice's immune function, and the beneficial effects are closely associated with intestinal homeostasis regulation and TLR pathway activation. This study suggests the potential for HLP as prebiotics in novel immunopotentiators development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T12:04:57Z","timestamp":1668859497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Holothuria leucospilota<\/i>\n                    Polysaccharides Improve Immunity and the Gut Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide\u2010Treated Immunosuppressed Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University  Haikou 570228 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Food Science and Engineering Dalian Ocean University  Dalian 116023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spice and Beverage Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences  Wanning 571533 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University  Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education Hainan Engineering 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