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The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic effects of probiotics and prebiotics on liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57BL\/6 mice are fed probiotics (Pro), prebiotics (Pre), synbiotic (Syn) for 7 days and then Con A is injected via tail veins to induce AIH. Additionally, methylprednisolone (MP) is gavaged 0.5\u00a0h after the Con A injection. It is found that both Pro, Pre, Syn, and MP decrease the levels of serum transaminase, liver F4\/80+ macrophage cells, and hepatocellular apoptosis. Pro, Pre, and Syn decrease proinflammatory cytokines, elevate levels of anti\u2010inflammatory as well as restored immune imbalance in AIH. Besides, Pro, Pre, and Syn not only reshape the perturbed gut microbiota, but also maintain intestinal barrier integrity, block the activation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\/TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway in the liver. Interestingly, the effects of Syn are superior to Pro or Pre alone in Con A\u2010induced acute liver injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Syn obviously facilitates AIH remission. The combined use of Pro and Pre is effective in improving Pro and Pre efficacy and can be an important tool for preventing and adjuvant treating patients for AIH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T10:29:51Z","timestamp":1674901791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Synbiotic Ameliorates Con A\u2010Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice through Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Immune Imbalance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6476-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"},{"name":"LinFen Central Hospital  LinFen 041000 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1584-5546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongbo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology Ministry of Education Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology Ministry of Education Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology Ministry of Education Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5830-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiping","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology Ministry of Education Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong 030619 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"Dalekos G. 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