{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:02:12Z","timestamp":1753869732487,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YJ0156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YJ0156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Puberty timing, critical for adulthood wellbeing, is influenced by the environment, life\u2010style, and diets. However, differential puberty\u2010interfering effects of soy and soy isoflavone are observed in both epidemiological and toxicological studies. Additionally, their impact on neuroendocrine function at various pre\u2010pubertal developmental windows is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the effect of genistein, a typical soy isoflavone, at neonatal, lactational, and post\u2010weaning stages on the time of vaginal opening and determines the levels of neuroendocrine factors in female rats using immunofluorescence, immunochemistry, and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays. A physiologically relevant dosage (10\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) is used to resemble human exposure. The results show that genistein exposure at lactational stage significantly accelerates vaginal opening time, marginally increases hypothalamic gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, significantly enhances kisspeptin receptor expression, and markedly elevates blood levels of GnRH, luteinizing hormone, and follicle\u2010stimulating hormone, while neonatal and post\u2010weaning exposures do not induce significant alternations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lactational stage may be an important window for genistein to impact reproductive development and neuroendocrine regulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T10:14:08Z","timestamp":1663236848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Physiologically Relevant Genistein Exposure at Different Time Windows on Puberty Onset and Neuroendocrine Function in Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9354-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 P. 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