{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:14Z","timestamp":1786978274201,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      MN\u2010431 tryptophan broth culture (MN\u2010431 TBC) can prevent complementary food\u2010induced diarrhea (CFID). However, it is not clear whether this effect is related to indole derivatives.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the anti\u2010CFID effects of different components in MN\u2010431 TBC including MN\u2010431 cells, unfermented tryptophan broth, and supernatant of MN\u2010431 TBC (MN\u2010431 TBS) are investigated. Only MN\u2010431 TBS can significantly prevent CFID, indicating that indole derivatives produced by MN\u2010431 can exert antidiarrheal effects. Intestinal morphological analysis reveals that MN\u2010431 TBS can increase the number of goblet cells, height of ileal villi, and length of rectal glands while also increasing the expression of ZO\u20101 in colon. Furthermore, HPLC analysis reveals the indole derivatives in MN\u2010431 TBS are IAld and skatole. Cell experiments demonstrate that MN\u2010431 TBS promotes the transcription of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), comparable to the synergistic effect of IAld and skatole. MN\u2010431 TBS can activate AHR and reduces the concentrations of Th17 cell\u2010inflammatory factors IL\u201017A and IL\u201021 in intestine and IL\u201017F, IL\u201021, and IL\u201022 in serum. MN\u2010431 TBS can also activate PXR and reduces the concentrations of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 in intestine and serum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MN\u2010431 TBS, containing IAld and skatole, can exert anti\u2010CFID effects through the AHR\u2013Th17 and PXR\u2013NF\u2010\u03baB pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T05:54:58Z","timestamp":1679896498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/i>\n                    MN\u2010431 Metabolic Tryptophan Alleviates Complementary Food\u2010Induced Diarrhea through PXR\u2013NF\u2010\u03baB Pathway and AHR\u2013Th17 Cell Response 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