{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:50:30Z","timestamp":1791849030701,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1300200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1300200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic heat stress (or heatstroke; HS) induces germ cell death and spermatogenesis disorders in men and male mammals. Also, it affects the immune environment of the circulatory system promoting gut inflammation and intestinal permeability, leading to pathogenic infection. In this study, the crosstalk between the gut and testis (gut\u2010testis axis) under HS is explored, by examining the effects of intestinal immune status on the health of the male reproductive system in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A mouse model of systemic heat stress is established to investigate the effect of probiotics on testis health. The results reveal that pro\u2010inflammatory factor receptor activation pathway and pathogen infection response pathway are significantly upregulated in HS testes, leading to necroptosis, while pro\u2010inflammatory factor and endotoxin are detected locally in the intestine and then entered the blood. The study then uses probiotics to intervene in gut microbiota, which results in milder gut microbial changes, lower inflammatory responses in the HS gut, and less necroptosis in the HS testes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics\u2010based remodeling of gut microbiota (GM) reduces the proliferation of abnormal bacteria and decreases the spread of gut\u2010derived inflammatory mediators into the blood circulation under long\u2010term systemic heat stress, which relieves inflammation on germ cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T17:39:40Z","timestamp":1689529180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Remodeling of Gut Microbiota by Probiotics Alleviated Heat Stroke\u2010Induced Necroptosis in Male Germ Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering &amp; Technology Northwest A &amp; F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dezhe","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100101 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yundie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering &amp; Technology Northwest A &amp; F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering &amp; Technology Northwest A &amp; F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering &amp; 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