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Here, the metabolic and hepatic effects of dietary amino acid (AA) source is assessed in Western diet (WD)\u2010induced NAFLD in male and female mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AA source is either casein or a free AA mixture mimicking the composition of casein. As expected, males fed a casein\u2010based WD display glucose intolerance, fasting hyperglycemia, and insulin\u2010resistance and develop NAFLD associated with changes in hepatic gene expression and microbiota dysbiosis. In contrast, males fed the AA\u2010based WD show no steatosis, a similar gene expression profile as males fed a control diet, and a distinct microbiota composition compared to males fed a casein\u2010based WD. Females are protected against WD\u2010induced liver damage, hepatic gene expression, and gut microbiota changes regardless of the AA source.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Free dietary AA intake prevents the unhealthy metabolic outcomes of a WD preferentially in male mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T11:44:03Z","timestamp":1698407043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dietary Amino Acid Source Elicits Sex\u2010Specific Metabolic Response to Diet\u2010Induced NAFLD in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Rives","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP\u2010Purpan, UPS Toulouse University Toulouse 31170 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