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As a first step, we characterized\u00a0and evaluated\u00a0risk factors of the participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study was designed with breast cancer (cases, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 122) and healthy women (controls, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 56) recruited in two hospitals of Andalusia (Southern Spain). Participants answered questionnaires of Mediterranean diet adherence and food frequency. Data were collected from medical histories and microbiota was analyzed on stool samples. Most cases (78.2%) were diagnosed as stages I and II. Cases had higher age, body mass index (BMI), glucose, cholesterol, and potassium values than controls. Cases exhibited higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and their food consumption was closer to that dietary pattern. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the <jats:italic>Bacillota<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic> ratio was the most relevant variable in women with breast cancer, which was higher in this group compared with controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although cases exhibited higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared with controls, they presented features and microbiota alterations typical of the metabolic syndrome, probably due to their higher BMI and reflecting changes in their lifestyle around the time of diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202400253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T21:26:28Z","timestamp":1719869188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Clustering Study of Sociodemographic Data, Dietary Patterns, and Gut Microbiota in Healthy 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