{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:38:34Z","timestamp":1792291114321,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that can lead to insulin resistance (IR) and dysregulation of glucose metabolism, resulting in an imbalance in the endometrial environment, which is unfavorable for embryo implantation of PCOS. This study aims to investigate whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improves the stability of the endometrium in a rat model of PCOS and identifies whether it is related to reduce IR and increase glycolysis levels and its potential signaling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female Sprague\u2010Dawley (SD) rats are fed letrozole and a high\u2010fat diet (HFD) to form the PCOS model, then the model rats are treated with or without NMN. It randomly divided into control, PCOS, and PCOS\u2010NMN groups according to the feeding and treating method. Compared with the PCOS group, the regular estrous cycles are restored, the serum androgen (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) and fasting insulin levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) are reduced, and endometrial morphology (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) is improved in NMN\u2010PCOS group. Furthermore, NMN inhibits endometrial cell apoptosis, improves endometrial decidualization transition, reduces IR, restores the expression of glycolysis rate\u2010limiting enzymes, and activates the PI3K\/AKT pathway in the uterus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that NMN enhances endometrial tissue homeostasis by decreasing uterine IR and regulating the glycolysis through the PI3K\/AKT pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202400340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T06:06:25Z","timestamp":1729231585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Improves Endometrial Homeostasis in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Decreasing Insulin Resistance and Regulating the Glylytic Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center The First Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2309-5882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center The First Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxuan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center The First Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meixiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou University  Shantou 515041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Antonio","family":"Sechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari 07100 Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Microbiology and Virology AOU Sassari  Sassari 07100 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6522-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center The First Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"},{"name":"Reproductive Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou University  Shantou 515041 China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari 07100 Italy"},{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic Department of Medicine Surgery and Pharmacy University of Sassari  Sassari 07100 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic Department of Medicine Surgery and Pharmacy University of Sassari  Sassari 07100 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Hengyang Medical College University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 421001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","author":"Moran L. J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"19","volume":"81","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM\u2010Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group, Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108331121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-21-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00987-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9240569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0527-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14866-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe9985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11081283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.838204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0527-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408388200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9010034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.8009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2010.25.2.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7274-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2005.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(04)67021-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.703671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30679"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-19-0553"}],"container-title":["Molecular Nutrition &amp; Food Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mnfr.202400340","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T13:31:53Z","timestamp":1731763913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mnfr.202400340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mnfr.202400340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.202400340","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-4125","1613-4133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-4125","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-4133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2400340"}}