{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:02:41Z","timestamp":1753869761945,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Scope<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research examines the effects of maternal high\u2010fat (HF) diet and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on offspring lipid metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GDM is induced using the insulin receptor antagonist S961. Weaning offspring are categorized into HF\u2010GDM, HF\u2010CON, NC\u2010GDM, and NC\u2010CON groups based on maternal diet or GDM. Adult offspring are then grouped into NC\u2010CON\u2010NC, NC\u2010CON\u2010HF, NC\u2010GDM\u2010NC, NC\u2010GDM\u2010HF, HF\u2010CON\u2010NC, HF\u2010CON\u2010HF, HF\u2010GDM\u2010NC, and HF\u2010GDM\u2010HF according to dietary patterns. Gas chromatography determines PUFA composition. Western blot assesses PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway\u2010related protein expression.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Feeding a normal chow diet until adulthood improves the distribution of hepatic PUFA during weaning across the four groups. PI3K expression is upregulated during weaning in HF\u2010CON and HF\u2010GDM, particularly in HF\u2010CON\u2010NC and HF\u2010GDM\u2010NC, compared to NC\u2010CON\u2010NC during adulthood. Akt expression increases in NC\u2010GDM\u2010NC after weaning with a normal diet. The hepatic PUFA profile in HF\u2010CON\u2010HF significantly distinguishes among the maternal generation health groups. Maternal HF diet exacerbates the combined impact of maternal GDM and offspring HF diet on hepatic PUFA and PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway\u2010related proteins during adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early exposure to HF diets and GDM affects hepatic PUFA profiles and PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway protein expression in male offspring during weaning and adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202400386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T07:38:27Z","timestamp":1725867507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and High\u2010Fat Diet Influenced Hepatic Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Profile in the Offspring of C57BL\/6J Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"JiaYu","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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