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VA was supplemented following dextran sulfate sodium administration, and key indicators, including body weight, disease activity index, colon length, spleen index, and inflammatory markers, were assessed. VA supplementation significantly alleviated UC symptoms, preserved intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, VA positively altered the gut microbiota composition, promoting beneficial bacteria such as <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic> while suppressing the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed that the VA\u2010modified gut microbiota contributed to these protective effects. VA also facilitated macrophage polarization from the pro\u2010inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti\u2010inflammatory M2 phenotype, further mitigating inflammation. 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