{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:20:08Z","timestamp":1790864408932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013280","name":"Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24KJA530004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJA530004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a widespread chronic metabolic disorder, presents a global challenge. Metformin hydrochloride, although widely prescribed, is associated with notable side effects. This study aims to explore safer, more effective alternatives by assessing the impact of <jats:italic>Ruditapes philippinarum<\/jats:italic> polysaccharides (RPPs) on glycemic control and modulation of microbiota in T2DM mice. A T2DM mouse model was established through a high\u2010sucrose\/high\u2010fat diet and intraperitioneal streptozotocin injection. Glycometabolism indicators, histopathological features, and gut microbiota composition in caecum samples were assessed. Following 4 weeks of RPPs intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), area under the curve (AUC) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010c) levels were reduced in T2DM mice, while AKT\u20101 and GLUT\u20102 transcription levels were significant increased. Short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations notably increased in the RPP\u2010L group compared to the Model group, with improvements also observed in medium\u2010chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and secondary bile acids (SBAs). Regarding gut microbiota, the Firmicutes\u2010to\u2010Bacteroidetes (F\/B) ratio in RPP\u2010L was substantially lower than in the Model group. At the genus level, beneficial bacteria, such as <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Alloprevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Tidjanibacter<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Faecalibaculum<\/jats:italic> demonstrated increased abundance. Correlation analysis identified <jats:italic>Muribaculum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Paramuribaculum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lacrimispora<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Turicibacter<\/jats:italic> as microbial taxa associated with T2DM progression. RPPs significantly alleviated hyperglycemic symptoms in T2DM mice while enhancing the presence of beneficial gut bacteria, leading to a marked improvement in intestinal microbiota composition. This research offers foundational insights for the potential use of <jats:italic>R. philippinarum<\/jats:italic> in biomedical and nutraceutical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202400996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:08:32Z","timestamp":1740143312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>Ruditapes philippinarum<\/i> Polysaccharide Alleviates Hyperglycemia by Modulating Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinzi","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianda","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Changzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongcheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Jiangsu Medicine College  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Jiangsu Medicine College  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8629-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0551-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2021.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Role of Circulation Microparticles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pathological Clotting","volume":"48","author":"Maphumulo S. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01418-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldw037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22263-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1147641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2022.9250072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202400048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications","author":"Zhang L.\u2010L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediators of Inflammation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-007-0698-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13060883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02978E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124865"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c07112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO02385K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/efd2.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20191260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO00021K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01071-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615609896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1499196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-16-0054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05249-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.108670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.14-0351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2010.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S446318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01043-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.11.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.105456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16020269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.722206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO01491F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27186061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-023-01603-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1013466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","article-title":"Effects of Black Quinoa Polysaccharides on Obesity and Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis in T2DM Mice","volume":"1","author":"Zang Y.\u2010Q.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Food Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02272A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaw4341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05249-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0173-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnac072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28103997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.135195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051214"}],"container-title":["Molecular Nutrition &amp; Food Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mnfr.202400996","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:58:37Z","timestamp":1743739117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mnfr.202400996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mnfr.202400996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.202400996","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-4125","1613-4133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-4125","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-4133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202400996"}}