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The differential miRNAs associated with intestinal development in GDM\u2010EXO and HEA\u2010EXO were verified by using qPCR and their relationships with gut microbiota (GM) in infants were analyzed. C57BL\/6J mice were gavaged with 50\u00a0mg\/kg\u00b7BW HEA\u2010EXO or GDM\u2010EXO. The intestinal morphology, gut barriers, ZO\u20101 and Occludin, and GM were determined by histological staining, Western blotting, and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. Hsa\u2010miR\u201019b\u20103p, hsa\u2010miR\u2010148a\u20103p, and hsa\u2010miR\u2010320a\u20103p were upregulated, and hsa\u2010miR\u2010429 was decreased in GDM\u2010EXO compared to HEA\u2010EXO. The GDM parturients\u2019 infants had increased intestinal <jats:italic>Coriobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridiaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Erysipelotrichaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Erysipelatoclostridiaceae<\/jats:italic>, and fewer <jats:italic>Lactobacillaceae<\/jats:italic> than the healthy parturient's infants. The four differential miRNAs in GDM\u2010EXO all correlated with the infants\u2019 GM. GDM\u2010EXO\u2010 and HEA\u2010EXO\u2010fed mice had greater villus lengths, villus length\u2010to\u2010crypt depth ratios, goblet cell numbers, elevated ZO\u20101 and Occludin, and lower crypt depths than control mice. HEA\u2010EXO\u2010fed mice had better intestinal morphology and gut barrier integrity than GDM\u2010EXO\u2010fed mice. GDM\u2010EXO\u2010fed mice had significantly decreased <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Oscillospiraceae<\/jats:italic> than HEA\u2010EXO\u2010fed mice. GDM\u2010EXO demonstrate weaker ability to promote intestinal development in offspring than HEA\u2010EXO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:52:38Z","timestamp":1744271558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Milk Exosomes From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Parturients Demonstrate Weaker Ability to Promote Intestinal Development in Offspring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. 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