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This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal supplementation of \u03b2\u2010nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a nutraceutical NAD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> precursor, on IUGR rate and its underlying mechanisms. A total of 24 sows were randomly divided into either the control or NMN group, with each sow in the NMN group receiving 0.2\u00a0g of NMN per day. The results demonstrated that NMN supplementation significantly reduced the IUGR rate and increased NAD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> levels in the placenta of sows. Furthermore, NMN supplements upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of key mitochondrial regulators, such as PGC\u20101\u03b1, declined oxidative stress and apoptosis, and improved lipid metabolism in the placenta. These effects were linked to the upregulation of p\u2010AMPK and the downregulation expression of p\u2010mTOR. Taken together, this study indicates that maternal NMN supplementation reduces the IUGR rate by improving mitochondria function, enhancing lipid metabolism, and declining oxidative stress in the placenta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T03:30:53Z","timestamp":1748316653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Maternal \u03b2\u2010Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Reduces the IUGR Rate by Improving Mitochondrial Function in the Placenta of Sows via AMPK\/PGC\u20101\u03b1 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3650-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhefeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muyang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases Research School of Basic Medicine Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.322910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000429658.85846.f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2008.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2012-301708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1152249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Metabolic Physiology in Pregnancy","volume":"66","author":"Meo S. 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