{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T18:38:46Z","timestamp":1784227126346,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Plantago<\/jats:italic> L. (PL) is a notable genus of medicine\u2010food homologous (MFH) plants, with its primary medicinal components comprising the entire plant and its seeds, which are frequently employed as culinary ingredients. PL is abundant in various bioactive compounds and demonstrates anti\u2010inflammatory, antioxidant, and intestinal barrier\u2010protective properties. Furthermore, PL exhibits a dual regulatory effect on both constipation and diarrhea. As a plant resource with a global distribution, PL holds significant promise for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Nonprescription drugs containing psyllium husk are approved by the FDA for short\u2010term relief of constipation. Other ingredients from PL also possess significant clinical values in anti\u2010inflammatory effects, intestinal barrier protection, and regulation of microbiota protection; however, they have not yet been effectively developed. Current research on PL faces several challenges, including insufficient resource investigation and development, unsystematic characterization of chemical components, and unclear elucidation of the mechanisms underlying its gastrointestinal protective biological activity. These issues seriously hinder the clinical and food resource development of PL. This review systematically elucidates the distribution, medicinal history, food development potential, and multifaceted functions of PL in promoting gastrointestinal health, thereby providing valuable insights for clinical applications and the development of food products derived from MFH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T06:11:07Z","timestamp":1750745467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medicine\u2010Food Homologous <i>Plantago<\/i> L. in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3309-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzhuo","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Center\uff5cSecond Affiliated Hospital Dalian Medical University Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy College of Integrative Medicine Dalian Medical University Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Center\uff5cSecond Affiliated Hospital Dalian Medical University Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2024.101984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.101003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2023.101839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-311240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"2021","article-title":"Application Progress of Active Ingredients in Plants of Dendrobii caulis and Biological Models of in Protection of Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Sun J.","journal-title":"Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.104541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2005.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Application History Textual Research and Resources Survey on Cheqiancao (Plantaginis herba) and Cheqianzi (Plantaginis semen)","volume":"22","author":"Yao M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2019.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2012.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2021.100158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2024.109205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00212-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2024.100853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2024.102384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.102474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Plantago media L. Explored and Potential Applications of an Underutilized Plant","volume":"10","author":"Fierascu R. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Influence of Lactitol and Psyllium on Bowel Function in Constipated Indian Volunteers: A Randomized","volume":"11","author":"Cheng J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Controlled Trial"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-011-0722-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03001486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999809113363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S328208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"514","article-title":"Effect of Semen Plantaginis Polysaccharides on Defecating Function in Constipated Mice","volume":"28","author":"Wu G.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf302169u"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1466-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","article-title":"Experimental Research on the Antidiarrheal Effect of Plantaginis semen Paste","volume":"45","author":"Zhou Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Guangdong Chemical Industry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Antidiarrheal Effects of Different Processed Products of Plantaginis semen and Optimization of Processing Technology by CCD\u2010RSM","volume":"45","author":"Zhang D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(97)90060-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Effects of the Polysaccha Rides in Seeds of Plantaginis on Small Intestinal Motility Disturbance in Mice","volume":"26","author":"Wang D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026611005440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.612478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.724491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Effects of Plantago asiatica L. on Inflammatory Cytokines and Expressions of AQP8 Gene and Protein in Colon Tissue of Diarrhea Rats","volume":"32","author":"Biao Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natural Product Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","unstructured":"X.Peng Y.Biao Y.Wang et\u00a0al. \u201cEffects of Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen) on Expressions of AQP3 Gene and Protein in Colon Tissue of Diarrhea Rats \u201dLiaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine48(2021): 184\u2013187+225."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effect of Cheqianzi on AQP1 Expression in Small Intestinal Mucosa of Diarrhea Rats","volume":"35","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c07735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202300427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17843\/rpmesp.2023.403.12191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570163820666221212142221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.872_a.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9050206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(03)00045-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","volume-title":"Curative Effect of Dietary Fiber of Psyllium huskata on Chronic Constipation in Women of Childbearing Age and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora","author":"Chen J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4040942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effect of Polysaccharide From Plantaginis Semen on Gut Microbiota in Rats With Membranous Nephropathy","volume":"27","author":"Zhao H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2023.2197076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-022-05401-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2016.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324784"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.11.1510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.11.1510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2515690X18763294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.255120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(83)90007-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"The Mechanism of Resistance Inhibition of Plantago asiatica L. Extracts to Escherichia coli","volume":"48","author":"Xiang H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Veterinary Drug"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.17576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826068.2020.1805757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00296-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","first-page":"2131","article-title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activities of Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) Root Fractions and Phytochemical Analysis by Gas Chromatography\u2010Mass Spectrometry","volume":"77","author":"Rahamouz\u2010Haghighi S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Razi Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2023.102886"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","first-page":"739","article-title":"Plantago ovata: A Comprehensive Review on Cultivation, Biochemical, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Aspects","volume":"74","author":"Sarfraz R. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-023-00579-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of a Feed Additive Consisting of the Seed Husk of Plantago ovata Forssk. for Use in Cats and Dogs (C.I.A.M.)","volume":"19","author":"Bampidis V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2024.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c05966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Pharmacology of Psyllium","volume":"17","author":"Sirigun Q.","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Latest Medicine Information"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Research Progress on the Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Effects of Plantain","volume":"16","author":"Xia L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"China Pharmacist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2024.101368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2020.100658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Clinical Efficacy Comparison of Different Processed Products of Plantago asiatica in the Treatment of Chronic Functional Constipation","volume":"11","author":"Yang G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Guide of China Medicine"}],"container-title":["Molecular Nutrition &amp; Food Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mnfr.70100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T08:12:47Z","timestamp":1755850367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mnfr.70100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mnfr.70100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.70100","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-4125","1613-4133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-4125","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-4133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70100"}}