{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:56:05Z","timestamp":1788389765377,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Testicular glucose homeostasis plays important roles in testicular energy metabolism and male fertility, but it is altered in type 2 diabetes (T2D), leading to male infertility. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of sulfated polysaccharides (SPCs) from\n                    <jats:italic>Gracilaria gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    on testicular glucose metabolism was investigated in T2D rats. SPCs were administered to two groups of T2D rats at 150 and 300\u00a0mg\/kg bodyweight, respectively. The T2D control group was administered water only, while metformin served as the control drug administered to the standard treatment group. Non\u2010T2D rats served as the normal group. After 5 weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed and their testes harvested and analyzed for insulin, FSH, glucose, and glutathione metabolisms. Treatment with SPCs led to a significant increase in insulin, IRS\u20101, FSH, GLUT4, GSH, ATP levels, hexokinase, glucose 6\u2010phisphate dehydrogenase, glyoxalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, while improving testicular morphology. SPCs further led to significant depletion in glycogen phosphorylase, glucose 6\u2010phosphatase, fructose\u20101,6\u2010biphosphatase, aldose reductase, polyol dehydrogenase, ATPase, and ENTPDase activities. These results indicate the potentials of SPCs from\n                    <jats:italic>G. gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to improve male fertility in T2D. This is evident by its ability to improve insulin\u2010FSH signaling, glucose, energy metabolisms, and testicular morphology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:54:27Z","timestamp":1759733667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sulfated Polysaccharides From\n                    <i>Gracilaria gracilis<\/i>\n                    (Red Seaweed) Restores Testicular Glucose Metabolism by Improving FSH and Insulin Signaling in Rats With Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Ochuko L.","family":"Erukainure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Kwazulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tosin A.","family":"Olasehinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Nutrition and Toxicology Division Food Technology Department Federal Institute of Industrial Research  Oshodi Lagos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olanrewaju S.","family":"Olayeriju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Kwazulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Chemical Science Department, Biochemistry Unit Ondo State University of Science and Technology  Okitipupa Ondo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bukola","family":"Omotoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Kwazulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ademola O.","family":"Olaniran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biochem2030014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-021-02954-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2015.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1505453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1397.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2020.113643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2322-1232.222580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.698761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-011-0737-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1546131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ddc3010011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43199-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10494-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md17110609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md17010021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md19110608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.31.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Antioxidant and Fertility Potentials of a Marine Sulfated Polysaccharide Potentiel Antioxydant Et De Fertilite D'un Polysaccharide Sulfate","volume":"28","author":"Kolsi R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"JIM Sfax"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(03)00215-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906\u2010020\u201003047\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(12)70739-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2017.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)81105-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.09.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00411787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","first-page":"896","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Glucose\u20106\u2010Phosphatase Inhibitory Activity of Diaminoguanidine Analogues of 3\u2010Guanidinopropionic Acid and Amino Substituted (Pyridin\u20102\u2010Yl) Thiourea Derivatives","volume":"3","author":"Mahato A. 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