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Its dual role suggests value for metabolic disorder management. Few interventions simultaneously enhance both\n                    <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and butyrate\u2010producing bacteria, which underscores the unique potential of SWM\u2010008.\u00a0SWM\u2010008 red mold rice, and its functional compound were administered to a high\u2010fat diet (HFD)\u2010induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model in C57BL\/6 mice for 18 weeks. In a HFD\u2010induced NAFLD mouse model, SWM\u2010008 and its bioactive compounds monascinol (Msol) and monascin (MS) reduced hepatic triglycerides (TG) (14.5% for SWM\u2010008, 13.0% for Msol;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), improved steatosis, and modulated gut microbiota. SWM\u2010008 activated AMP\u2010activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) while suppressing sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP\u20101c) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), indicating reduced lipogenesis and enhanced lipolysis. Msol lowered cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and stimulated the AMPK\/ATGL\/peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma coactivator 1\u2010alpha (PGC\u20101\u03b1)\/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT\u20101) pathway. SWM\u2010008 increased butyrate\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Eubacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and Msol and MS raised fecal butyrate to over 2%, supporting gut\u2010liver health.\u00a0These findings support SWM\u2010008 as a promising dietary strategy for gut\u2010liver health in NAFLD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T12:46:21Z","timestamp":1764852381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Monascus pilosus<\/i>\n                    SWM\u2010008\u2013Fermented Red Mold Rice and Its Monascinol Ameliorate Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Activation of the AMPK\u2013ATGL Pathway and Enrichment of Butyrate\u2010Producing Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Chia\u2010Pei","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science National Taitung University  Taitung Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"SunWay Biotech Co.  Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Wen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SunWay Biotech Co.  Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu\u2010Ming","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SunWay Biotech Co.  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