{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T07:56:09Z","timestamp":1790582169375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Diverse dietary transitions across populations have contributed to the simultaneous rise of under\u2010 and over\u2010nutrition, especially among women of reproductive age, where such imbalances have direct implications for obstetric, neonatal, and long\u2010term metabolic outcomes. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and co\u2010occurrence of abnormal body mass index (BMI) and selected micronutrient deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin D) in non\u2010pregnant women of reproductive age (18\u201340 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Using a cross\u2010sectional design, non\u2010pregnant women aged 18\u201340 years were evaluated for anthropometric status, hematological indices, and serum levels of ferritin, vitamin B12, and 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA\u2010IR). Descriptive statistics were used to estimate prevalence, while chi\u2010square tests and multivariate logistic regression models identified associations between age, BMI categories, micronutrient status, and IR. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported using SPSS version 26. Among the study population, 44.07% exhibited abnormal BMI with concurrent anemia, including overweight with anemia (27.59%), obesity with anemia (10.37%), and underweight with anemia (6.11%). Ferritin deficiency was present in 49.85% of participants, though only 57.22% of these had anemia, indicating subclinical iron depletion. Vitamin B12 and vitamin D deficiencies were found in 34.25% and 67% of women, respectively. IR was observed in 42.82% of subjects. Women aged 33\u201340 years had a significantly higher likelihood of presenting with abnormal BMI and at least one micronutrient deficiency (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09\u20132.12).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The clustering of abnormal BMI, micronutrient deficiencies, and IR, especially women of reproductive age, not only calls for age\u2010specific metabolic screening but also dietary diversification, nutrient\u2010rich food promotion, and context\u2010specific fortification to address both visible and hidden forms of malnutrition in reproductive\u2010aged women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T05:53:35Z","timestamp":1764914015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occurrence of Nutritional Deficiencies (Ferritin, Vitamin B12, and D) and Abnormal BMI Among Women of Reproductive Age: Implications for Sustainable Food\u2010Based Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-6749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd. Ashraf","family":"Ganie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sher\u2010i\u2010Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puthiyaveettil Khadar","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Government Medical College  Thiruvananthapuram India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neena","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Osmania Medical College  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhankar","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education &amp; Research  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanita","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanta Kumar","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences  Shillong India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Raipur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Rozati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology Maternal Health &amp; Research Trust  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohina","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sher\u2010i\u2010Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobia","family":"Nisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Government Medical College Karanagar  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haroon","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sher\u2010i\u2010Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshma","family":"Roshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Sher\u2010i\u2010Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imtiyaz","family":"wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sher\u2010i\u2010Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khurshid","family":"Paddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sher\u2010i\u2010Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mumtaz","family":"Gowhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology SKIMS Medical College  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aadil","family":"yousuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sher\u2010i\u2010Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430\u2010021\u201000945\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.020423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"The Double Burden of Malnutrition: Policy Brief","author":"W. H. Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzab069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)32472\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.47046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.123083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20\u20101607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522002641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"2020 Global Nutrition Report: Action on Equity to End Malnutrition","author":"Mannar V.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430\u2010023\u201001269\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430\u2010021\u201000945\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430\u2010023\u201001269\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010015\u20102033\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010020\u201008679\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)32506\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102018\u2010021623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2021","author":"Estimation, U.I.\u2010a.G.f.C.M","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2024.100644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1526_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103026(23)00160\u20106"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","article-title":"Role of Vitamin B12 and Folate in Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Ashok T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2024.102864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc\u20102020\u2010001728"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.01.012"}],"container-title":["Molecular Nutrition &amp; Food Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mnfr.70347","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mnfr.70347","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mnfr.70347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T07:13:52Z","timestamp":1790579632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mnfr.70347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mnfr.70347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.70347","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-4125","1613-4133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-4125","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-4133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70347"}}