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This study aimed to evaluate the iron bioavailability from biofortified cowpeas in the context of a high\u2010fat\/high\u2010sugar diet and its relationship with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Forty\u2010eight Wistar rats were induced to anemia for 21 days, and during the repletion phase (35 days), the animals received diets containing 12\u00a0ppm of iron from ferrous sulfate or biofortified (BRS Arac\u00ea and BRS Tumucumaque) and a conventional (BRS Paje\u00fa) cowpeas. The biofortified cowpea Arac\u00ea showed a hemoglobin gain similar to ferrous sulfate, improved crypt size in the colon, lowered insulin levels and area under the curve in the glucose tolerance test compared to ferrous sulfate (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Hepcidin levels were similar between the groups. The biofortified cowpeas increased the production of short\u2010chain fatty acids compared to ferrous sulfate (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Both biofortified and conventional cowpeas increased HDL\u2010c concentrations, reduced the total cholesterol\/HDL\u2010c ratio, and decreased fecal triglyceride excretion (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The biofortification process favors beneficial metabolic changes in the iron, glucose, and lipid metabolism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:18:32Z","timestamp":1769062712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effects of Biofortified Cowpeas on Iron, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High\u2010Fat\/High\u2010Sugar Diet"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Ana Paula Ribeiro","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00edntia Tomaz","family":"Sant' Ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Grancieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Carvalho de Moura","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leone Soromenho","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Lorencetti","family":"Fornazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa da Silva","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrique Jordem","family":"Venial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jankerle Neves","family":"Boeloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neuza Maria Brunoro","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  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