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In term and preterm (30\u201036 weeks gestational age) infants, body composition assessments were completed at hospital discharge. In urine samples from the first week, a targeted metabolomics assay was used. Quantile regression was used to evaluate associations of metabolite groups with DM in pregnancy and infant adiposity. Among 91 infants, 25 (27%) were exposed to DM, 68 (75%) were preterm. In the factor analysis, there was an association between factor 4 score (fatty acid and amino acid metabolites) and triceps skin fold thickness (\u03b2 = 1.67 [95%CI: 0.62, 2.72]) and mid arm circumference (\u03b2 = 1.59 [95%CI: 0.70, 2.49]) in preterm\u2010DM group. Urinary C2, C3, and ornithine were decreased in DM\u2010group (fold change &lt;0.67, p &lt; 0.01), and urinary C0, C2, C3, C5, ornithine, proline, and lysine were increased in preterm group (fold\u2010change &gt;2.7, p&lt;0.0001). In this cohort, infant urinary amino acid and acylcarnitine concentrations varied by DM during pregnancy and gestational age and were differentially related to postnatal adiposity in preterm DM\u2010group. Unique signatures of urinary metabolites may reflect early metabolism changes in the developing infant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T13:56:17Z","timestamp":1773323777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Urine Metabolism Biomarkers Predict Preterm Infant Adiposity at Hospital Discharge"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Catherine O.","family":"Buck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine  Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McCollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine  Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck MS &amp; Proteomics Resource Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TuKiet T.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck MS &amp; Proteomics Resource Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine  Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Shabanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine  Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13060749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.830884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-023-00553-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02292-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13090971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13050644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12060536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-061285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Growth Patterns Among Late Preterm Infants of Mothers With Diabetes","volume":"152","author":"Buck C. 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